Summary

This study surveyed 78 American young adults, mostly born female, who had identified as trans, often taking medical steps, and later stopped. They reported high rates of mental health diagnoses, many from before they first identified as trans. Most said they had first mistaken mental health problems or trauma for gender distress. Their reasons for detransitioning were mostly internal, such as their own changing thinking, rather than pressure from family or discrimination. Most reported much less gender distress and self-harm, and feeling much better about life, after detransitioning. The authors conclude that for some people, detransition is both possible and helpful. But these were volunteers looking back once on their own experience. The study describes this group well, but cannot show how common detransition is, or that detransitioning caused the improvements.

Key findings

• Από 78 άτομα, τα 71 (91%) γεννήθηκαν γυναίκες· κατά μέσο όρο αυτοπροσδιορίστηκαν πρώτα ως τρανς στα 17 και το έκαναν για περίπου 5 χρόνια.
• Οι περισσότεροι (83%) είχαν κάνει βήματα κοινωνικής μετάβασης και το 68% ιατρικά βήματα: 40% μόνο ορμόνες, 23% ορμόνες και επεμβάσεις και 5% μόνο επέμβαση.
• Κοιτάζοντας πίσω, λιγότερο από το 17% θυμόταν παιδική δυσφορία φύλου που πληρούσε τη σημερινή διάγνωση, ενώ το 53% ένιωθε ότι τους περιέγραφε η «δυσφορία φύλου ραγδαίας έναρξης» (δυσφορία φύλου που εμφανίζεται ξαφνικά στην εφηβεία).
• Τα προβλήματα ψυχικής υγείας ήταν συχνά: το 79% είχε αυτοτραυματιστεί κάποτε, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του 71% πριν, του 64% κατά τη διάρκεια και του 23% μετά τον αυτοπροσδιορισμό ως τρανς.
• Ο συχνότερος λόγος που δόθηκε για τον πρώτο αυτοπροσδιορισμό ως τρανς ήταν η σύγχυση προβλημάτων ψυχικής υγείας ή αντιδράσεων σε τραύμα με δυσφορία φύλου· οι λόγοι διακοπής ήταν συχνότερα εσωτερικοί παρά πίεση από έξω.
• Από όσους πήραν ορμόνες του άλλου φύλου, το 66,7% ένιωσε ότι δεν ενημερώθηκε σωστά για τους κινδύνους και μόνο ένα άτομο είπε ότι ενημερώθηκε για άλλες επιλογές.
• Μόνο το 27,1% όλων των συμμετεχόντων είπε στον γιατρό της μετάβασής του ότι είχε αποχωρήσει.
• Οι συγγραφείς παραδέχονται ότι η μελέτη τους δεν μπορεί να δείξει πόσο συχνή είναι η αποχώρηση ή τι την προβλέπει.

Abstract

Persons who have renounced a prior transgender identification, often after some degree of social and medical transition, are increasingly visible. We recruited 78 US individuals ages 18-33 years who previously identified as transgender and had stopped identifying as transgender at least six months prior. On average, participants first identified as transgender at 17.1 years of age and had done so for 5.4 years at the time of their participation. Most (83%) participants had taken several steps toward social transition and 68% had taken at least one medical step. By retrospective reports, fewer than 17% of participants met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Gender Dysphoria in Childhood. In contrast, 53% of participants believed that "rapid-onset gender dysphoria" applied to them. Participants reported a high rate of psychiatric diagnoses, with many of these prior to trans-identification. Most participants (N = 71, 91%) were natal females. Females (43%) were more likely than males (0%) to be exclusively homosexual. Participants reported that their psychological health had improved dramatically since detransi- tion/desistance, with marked decreases in self-harm and gender dysphoria and marked increases in flourishing. The most common reason given for initial trans-identification was confusing mental health issues or reactions to trauma for gender dysphoria. Reasons for detransition were more likely to reflect internal changes (e.g., the participants' own thought processes) than external pressures (e.g., pressure from family). Results suggest that, for some transgender individuals, detransition is both possible and beneficial.

Conclusion

We surveyed a sample of young adults who previously identified as transgender but had detransitioned or desisted. Most participants were born female. Mental health issues, including prior diagnoses and a history of self-harm, were especially common. A history of gender dysphoria during childhood was reported by a nontrivial minority of participants. A slight majority believed their histories were consistent with rapid-onset gender dysphoria. Factors most associated with detransition were internal factors, reflecting psychological change, rather than external factors, such as family or social pressure. Detransitioned participants reported that they had become much less gender dysphoric, and much happier, than they were during their period of trans-identification.