Summary

In 2018 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the main US children's doctors' group, issued a policy backing a "gender-affirming" approach for children and teens. It rejected both conversion therapy and "watchful waiting", meaning supporting a child without pushing either way. James Cantor, a psychologist, read the papers the AAP cited and argued they did not back it. Papers cited about conversion therapy were about sexual orientation, and papers cited to criticise watchful waiting actually recommended it. He also said the AAP left out the follow-up studies of children with gender distress, all of which found most stopped wanting to transition by puberty. The piece became influential. In 2023 the AAP kept its policy but ordered a formal review of the evidence. This is one author checking citations, not new data, and the childhood studies it relies on are themselves disputed.

Key findings

• Artikeln kontrollerar de källor som citeras i American Academy of Pediatrics policy från 2018 om vård av trans- och könsdiversa barn och tonåringar (Rafferty et al.).
• Cantor hävdar att AAP avvisade ‘avvaktande observation’, det förhållningssätt som nästan alla kliniker och yrkesorganisationer använde vid den tiden, och stödde bekräftelse som det enda godtagbara förhållningssättet.
• Han rapporterar att artiklar som AAP citerade mot ‘konverterings’- eller ‘reparativ’ terapi handlade om sexuell läggning, inte om könsidentitet hos barn.
• Han rapporterar att flera artiklar som AAP citerade för att kritisera avvaktande observation i själva verket stödde den.
• Han noterar att av 11 uppföljningsstudier av barn med könsrelaterat lidande, som alla fann att de flesta slutade vilja transitionera före puberteten, citerade AAP bara en (Wallien & Cohen-Kettenis 2008) och nämnde inte vad den fann.
• I augusti 2023 bekräftade AAP sin policy från 2018 samtidigt som den beställde en formell evidensgranskning som underlag för en uppdatering.

Abstract

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently published a policy statement: Ensuring comprehensive care and support for transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents. Although almost all clinics and professional associations in the world use what's called the watchful waiting approach to helping gender diverse (GD) children, the AAP statement instead rejected that consensus, endorsing gender affirmation as the only acceptable approach. Remarkably, not only did the AAP statement fail to include any of the actual outcomes literature on such cases, but it also misrepresented the contents of its citations, which repeatedly said the very opposite of what AAP attributed to them.

Conclusion

Cantor concludes that the AAP policy statement is not based on the evidence it claims: it omitted the outcomes literature on gender-dysphoric children (every follow-up study finding that most desisted by puberty) and misrepresented its citations, which repeatedly supported watchful waiting rather than the affirmation-only approach the AAP endorsed. The AAP is free to adopt any policy it wishes, he argues, but any assertion that its policy is evidence-based is demonstrably false.