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72 % der Testosteronnutzer berichteten Beckenschmerzen, aber fast alle hatten schon vor dem Beginn Beckenschmerzen

Beckenschmerzen bei transgender Personen unter Testosterontherapie

UmfragenKörperfremde Hormone
Authors
Sav Zwickl, Laura Burchill, Alex Fang Qi Wong, Shalem Y. Leemaqz, Teddy Cook, Lachlan M. Angus, Kalen Eshin, Charlotte V. Elder, Sonia R. Grover, Jeffrey D. Zajac, Ada S. Cheung
Journal
LGBT Health
Year
2023
Source
https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2022.0187

Summary

Australian doctors said they were seeing more testosterone users with pelvic pain, so they surveyed 486 trans-identified people born female who were taking testosterone. Nearly three-quarters said they had had pelvic pain since starting, usually cramping low in the belly, with a typical severity of 6 out of 10. Pain was more likely in people who still had periods, had PTSD, or had pain during orgasm. Some said the pain disrupted their sex lives. However, almost all of those with pain had also had pelvic pain, mostly period pain, before testosterone, and on average they rated it about the same as before. So the survey cannot show that testosterone causes pelvic pain. It does show that pelvic pain is a common and little-studied problem for this group.

Key findings

  • Von 486 befragten Testosteronanwendern (typisches Alter 27, etwa 2,5 Jahre unter Testosteron) sagten 351 (72 %), sie hätten nach Beginn von Testosteron Beckenschmerzen gehabt.
  • Von denen mit Schmerzen hatten 90 % sie „manchmal“ und 10 % „immer oder fast immer“; die typische Stärke lag bei etwa 6 von 10, meist krampfartig im Unterbauch.
  • Von denen mit Schmerzen unter Testosteron hatten 98 % auch vor Beginn Beckenschmerzen und bewerteten die Schmerzen unter Testosteron etwa so wie zuvor.
  • Beckenschmerzen waren bei Personen mit weiterhin Periode etwa 4-mal wahrscheinlicher, bei Personen mit PTBS 2,5-mal wahrscheinlicher und bei Personen mit Schmerzen beim Orgasmus etwa 30-mal wahrscheinlicher.
  • Die Hälfte derer mit Schmerzen sagte, sie hätten sie zumindest manchmal dazu gebracht, den Sex abzubrechen oder zu ändern, wie sie Sex hatten.
  • Die meisten der 25 oder 26 Personen, denen die Gebärmutter entfernt worden war, berichteten danach weniger Schmerzen, aber es waren zu wenige, um Schlüsse zu ziehen.
  • Die Autoren legen nahe, dass Probleme der Beckenbodenmuskulatur eine Rolle spielen können, und fordern Forschung zu Ursachen und Behandlungen.

Abstract

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to assess the characteristics of pelvic pain and explore predictive factors for pelvic pain in transgender (trans) individuals using testosterone therapy. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was open between August 28, 2020, and December 31, 2020, to trans people presumed female at birth, using testosterone for gender affirmation, living in Australia, and >16 years of age. The survey explored characteristics of pelvic pain following initiation of testosterone therapy, type and length of testosterone therapy, menstruation history, and relevant sexual, gynecological, and mental health experiences. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect size of possible factors contributing to pain after starting testosterone. Results: Among 486 participants (median age = 27 years), 351 (72.2%)* reported experiencing pelvic pain following initiation of testosterone therapy, described most commonly as in the suprapubic region and as "cramping." Median duration of testosterone therapy was 32 months. Persistent menstruation, current or previous history of post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences of pain with orgasm were associated with higher odds of pelvic pain after testosterone therapy. No association was observed with genital dryness, intrauterine device use, previous pregnancy, penetrative sexual activities, touching external genitalia, or known diagnoses of endometriosis, vulvodynia, vaginismus, depression, anxiety, or obesity. Conclusions: Pelvic pain is frequently reported in trans people following initiation of testosterone therapy. Given the association with persistent menstruation and orgasm, as well as the known androgen sensitivity of the pelvic floor musculature, further research into pelvic floor muscle dysfunction as a contributor is warranted.

Conclusion

Pelvic pain is frequently reported in trans people following initiation of testosterone therapy. Given the association with persistent menstruation and orgasm, as well as the known androgen sensitivity of the pelvic floor musculature, further research into pelvic floor muscle dysfunction as a contributor is warranted. Until further evidence is available, the authors recommend a tailored, multidisciplinary, trauma-informed approach that may include pain management, sexual function, management of persistent menstruation, and mental health.