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Service de genre de Sydney : forts taux d'anxiété, de dépression, de conflits familiaux et de maltraitance

Enfants et adolescents australiens atteints de dysphorie de genre : présentations cliniques et défis rencontrés par une équipe multidisciplinaire et un service de genre

Études de cohorte & registresAutisme, trauma & affections concomitantes
Authors
Kasia Kozlowska, Georgia McClure, Catherine Chudleigh, Ann M. Maguire, Danielle Gessler, Stephen Scher, Geoffrey R. Ambler
Journal
Human Systems: Therapy, Culture and Attachments
Year
2021
Source
https://doi.org/10.1177/26344041211010777

Summary

Clinicians from a new gender service at a Sydney children's hospital describe the first 79 children and teens they assessed. Most were struggling: about four in ten had thought about suicide, six in ten had anxiety or depression, and one in seven was autistic. Family histories often included conflict, a parent with mental illness, separation from someone close, bullying, and abuse or neglect. The team also describes how hard it is to work in a polarised climate. This included pressure to drop a whole-person assessment of body, mind and family, and the difficulty of telling gender distress apart from anxiety, depression or sexual abuse. The authors call for mental health care that takes past trauma into account. It is a useful account from a hospital team, but it describes one clinic's patients with no comparison group, and the figures rest on the team's own assessments.

Key findings

  • 79 enfants et adolescents de 8 à 15 ans ont été évalués par un service du genre nouvellement créé en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud ; il y avait environ 1,4 fille pour 1 garçon (selon le sexe de naissance).
  • 42 % avaient pensé au suicide, 16 % s'étaient automutilés et 10 % avaient fait une tentative de suicide.
  • D'autres affections étaient courantes : anxiété 63 %, dépression 62 %, problèmes de comportement 35 % et autisme 14 %.
  • Les expériences difficiles dans l'enfance étaient fréquentes : conflit familial 66 %, un parent atteint de maladie mentale 63 %, perte d'un proche par séparation 60 % et harcèlement 54 %.
  • 39 % des enfants avaient des antécédents de maltraitance ou de négligence.
  • Les cliniciens ont signalé des pressions pour abandonner une approche globale de la personne, des inquiétudes de sécurité, et la difficulté à distinguer la détresse de genre de l'anxiété, de la dépression et des abus sexuels.
  • Les auteurs recommandent des soins qui traitent les traumatismes et les pertes non résolus en parallèle de la détresse liée au genre.

Abstract

This prospective study examines the clinical characteristics of children (n = 79; 8.42–15.92 years old; 33 biological males and 46 biological females) presenting to a newly established, multidisciplinary Gender Service in New South Wales, Australia, and the challenges faced by the clinicians providing clinical services to these patients and their families. The clinical characteristics of the children were comparable to those described by other paediatric clinics providing gender services: a slight preponderance of biological females to males (1.4: 1); high levels of distress (including dysphoria about gender), suicidal ideation (41.8%), self-harm (16.3%), and suicide attempts (10.1%); and high rates of comorbid mental health disorders: anxiety (63.3%), depression (62.0%), behavioural disorders (35.4%), and autism (13.9%). The developmental stories told by the children and their families highlighted high rates of adverse childhood experiences, with family conflict (65.8%), parental mental illness (63.3%), loss of important figures via separation (59.5%), and bullying (54.4%) being most common. A history of maltreatment was also common (39.2%). Key challenges faced by the clinicians included the following: the effects of increasingly dominant, polarized discourses on daily clinical practice; issues pertaining to patient and clinician safety (including pressures to abandon the holistic [biopsychosocial] model); the difficulties of untangling gender dysphoria from comorbid factors such as anxiety, depression, and sexual abuse; and the factual uncertainties present in the currently available literature on longitudinal outcomes. Our results suggest the need to bring into play a biopsychosocial, trauma-informed model of mental health care for children presenting with gender dysphoria. Ongoing therapeutic work needs to address unresolved trauma and loss, the maintenance of subjective well-being, and the development of the self.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the need to bring into play a biopsychosocial, trauma-informed model of mental health care for children presenting with gender dysphoria. Ongoing therapeutic work needs to address unresolved trauma and loss, the maintenance of subjective well-being, and the development of the self.