Summary

This study surveyed 78 American young adults, mostly born female, who had identified as trans, often taking medical steps, and later stopped. They reported high rates of mental health diagnoses, many from before they first identified as trans. Most said they had first mistaken mental health problems or trauma for gender distress. Their reasons for detransitioning were mostly internal, such as their own changing thinking, rather than pressure from family or discrimination. Most reported much less gender distress and self-harm, and feeling much better about life, after detransitioning. The authors conclude that for some people, detransition is both possible and helpful. But these were volunteers looking back once on their own experience. The study describes this group well, but cannot show how common detransition is, or that detransitioning caused the improvements.

Key findings

• Iš 78 žmonių 71 (91 %) gimė moterimis; vidutiniškai pirmą kartą kaip translyčiai pradėjo tapatintis 17 metų ir taip tapatinosi apie 5 metus.
• Dauguma (83 %) ėmėsi socialinio lyties keitimo žingsnių, o 68 % – medicininių: 40 % tik hormonų, 23 % hormonų ir operacijų, o 5 % tik operacijų.
• Žvelgdami atgal, mažiau nei 17 % prisiminė vaikystėje patirtą genderinį distresą, atitinkantį šiandienę diagnozę, o 53 % jautė, kad juos apibūdina „greitai prasidedanti lyties disforija“ (genderinis distresas, atsirandantis staiga paauglystėje).
• Psichikos sveikatos problemos buvo dažnos: 79 % kada nors žalojosi, įskaitant 71 % prieš tapatinantis kaip translyčiam, 64 % jo metu ir 23 % po jo.
• Dažniausia nurodyta pirmo tapatinimosi kaip translyčiam priežastis buvo psichikos sveikatos problemų ar reakcijų į traumą palaikymas genderiniu distresu; nutraukimo priežastys dažniau buvo vidinės nei išorinis spaudimas.
• Iš gavusių priešingos lyties hormonų 66,7 % jautė, kad apie riziką nebuvo tinkamai informuoti, ir tik vienas žmogus teigė, kad jam pasakyta apie kitas galimybes.
• Tik 27,1 % visų dalyvių pasakė savo lyties keitimo gydytojui, kad detranzicionavo.
• Autoriai pripažįsta, kad jų tyrimas negali parodyti, kaip dažna yra detranzicija ar kas ją nuspėja.

Abstract

Persons who have renounced a prior transgender identification, often after some degree of social and medical transition, are increasingly visible. We recruited 78 US individuals ages 18-33 years who previously identified as transgender and had stopped identifying as transgender at least six months prior. On average, participants first identified as transgender at 17.1 years of age and had done so for 5.4 years at the time of their participation. Most (83%) participants had taken several steps toward social transition and 68% had taken at least one medical step. By retrospective reports, fewer than 17% of participants met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Gender Dysphoria in Childhood. In contrast, 53% of participants believed that "rapid-onset gender dysphoria" applied to them. Participants reported a high rate of psychiatric diagnoses, with many of these prior to trans-identification. Most participants (N = 71, 91%) were natal females. Females (43%) were more likely than males (0%) to be exclusively homosexual. Participants reported that their psychological health had improved dramatically since detransi- tion/desistance, with marked decreases in self-harm and gender dysphoria and marked increases in flourishing. The most common reason given for initial trans-identification was confusing mental health issues or reactions to trauma for gender dysphoria. Reasons for detransition were more likely to reflect internal changes (e.g., the participants' own thought processes) than external pressures (e.g., pressure from family). Results suggest that, for some transgender individuals, detransition is both possible and beneficial.

Conclusion

We surveyed a sample of young adults who previously identified as transgender but had detransitioned or desisted. Most participants were born female. Mental health issues, including prior diagnoses and a history of self-harm, were especially common. A history of gender dysphoria during childhood was reported by a nontrivial minority of participants. A slight majority believed their histories were consistent with rapid-onset gender dysphoria. Factors most associated with detransition were internal factors, reflecting psychological change, rather than external factors, such as family or social pressure. Detransitioned participants reported that they had become much less gender dysphoric, and much happier, than they were during their period of trans-identification.