Pesquisa com cirurgiões estima arrependimento da cirurgia de gênero em 0,2–0,3% — com 30% de respostas e base na memória

Orientando a conversa: tipos de arrependimento após cirurgia de afirmação de gênero e suas etiologias associadas

Pesquisas Detransição e arrependimento Cirurgia

Authors: Sasha Karan Narayan, Rayisa Hontscharuk, Sara Danker, Jess Guerriero, Angela Carter, Gaines Blasdel, Rachel Bluebond-Langner, Randi Ettner, Asa Radix, Loren Schechter, Jens Urs Berli
Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine
Year: 2021
Source: https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-6204

Summary

Gender surgeons who attended WPATH and USPATH conferences (meetings of trans health professionals) were asked how many patients they had seen who regretted surgery or wanted it reversed. Fewer than a third replied. Together they recalled 62 such patients out of an estimated 18,000 to 27,000 they had operated on, so the authors put regret at 0.2–0.3%. Where reasons were known, the most common was a change in gender identity or a wrong diagnosis, then family or social rejection, then relationship problems. The authors suggest sorting regret into three types: 'true gender-related', 'social' and 'medical'. This grouping is useful for discussion. But the regret figure cannot be trusted: it depends on surgeons' memory, on regretful patients going back to a surgeon, and on numbers from a self-selected minority who answered.

Key findings

46 dos 154 cirurgiões convidados (30%) responderam; a maioria trabalhava nos EUA (67%) ou na Europa (22%), e 65% exerciam havia mais de 10 anos.
Estimaram ter operado de 18.125 a 27.325 pacientes trans e lembraram de 62 que se arrependeram da cirurgia ou pediram reversão, cerca de 0,2–0,3%.
57% dos cirurgiões haviam visto pelo menos um paciente com arrependimento; 45 dos 62 casos (73%) envolviam cirurgia genital e 13 (21%) cirurgia de tórax ou mamas.
Onde os motivos eram conhecidos (46 pacientes), 42% envolviam uma mudança de identidade de gênero ou diagnóstico errado, 15% rejeição familiar ou social e 11% problemas de relacionamento.
Os autores classificaram os pedidos de reversão em arrependimento 'verdadeiramente relacionado ao gênero' (42%), arrependimento 'social' (37%) e arrependimento 'médico' (8%); 24% desses pacientes tiveram complicações após a cirurgia.
91% dos cirurgiões exigiriam uma nova avaliação de saúde mental antes da cirurgia de reversão, e 88% queriam que as próximas diretrizes da WPATH abordassem as operações de reversão.
Os autores admitem que pesquisas são pouco adequadas para descobrir quão comum é algo e que sua revisão de estudos anteriores não foi sistemática.

Abstract

Background: A rare, but consequential, risk of gender affirming surgery (GAS) is post-operative regret resulting in a request for surgical reversal. Studies on regret and surgical reversal are scarce, and there is no standard terminology regarding either etiology and/or classification of the various forms of regret. This study includes a survey of surgeons' experience with patient regret and requests for reversal surgery, a literature review on the topic of regret, and expert, consensus opinion designed to establish a classification system for the etiology and types of regret experienced by some patients.

Methods: This anonymous survey was sent to the 154 surgeons who registered for the 2016 World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) conference and the 2017 USPATH conference. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A MeSH search of the gender-affirming outcomes literature was performed on PubMed for relevant studies pertaining to regret. Original research and review studies that were thought to discuss regret were included for full text review.

Results: The literature is inconsistent regarding etiology and classification of regret following GAS. Of the 154 surgeons queried, 30% responded to our survey. Cumulatively, these respondents treated between 18,125 and 27,325 individuals. Fifty-seven percent of surgeons encountered at least one patient who expressed regret, with a total of 62 patients expressing regret (0.2-0.3%). Etiologies of regret were varied and classified as either: (I) true gender-related regret (42%), (II) social regret (37%), and (III) medical regret (8%). The surgeons' experience with patient regret and request for reversal was consistent with the existing literature.

Conclusions: In this study, regret following GAS was rare and was consistent with the existing literature. Regret can be classified as true gender-related regret, social regret and medical regret resulting from complications, function, pre-intervention decision making. Guidelines in transgender health should offer preventive strategies as well as treatment recommendations, should a patient experience regret. Future studies and scientific discourse are encouraged on this important topic.

Conclusion

In this study, regret following GAS was rare and was consistent with the existing literature. Regret can be classified as true gender-related regret, social regret and medical regret resulting from complications, function, pre-intervention decision making. Guidelines in transgender health should offer preventive strategies as well as treatment recommendations, should a patient experience regret. Future studies and scientific discourse are encouraged on this important topic.

Methodological limitations

Numbers don't match up: The regret count includes patients who had surgery with any surgeon, but the total patients figure is only the replying surgeons' own patients. So the result is not a true rate. Cohn (2023) called the method hard to interpret.
Few surgeons replied: Only 30% answered. Surgeons who rarely see regret may have been more or less likely to reply, and the experience of the rest is unknown.
Many regretful patients never return: Many people with regret, or who detransition, never go back to their surgeon or gender clinic. Littman (2021) found only 24% told their clinicians. So the survey probably undercounts regret.
Based on memory and rough ranges: Patient numbers and regret cases were recalled from memory and given as ranges, which were added up to get 18,125 to 27,325.
Regret not defined, follow-up unknown: The survey deliberately left 'regret' undefined. Surgeons did not routinely ask about regret, and how long they kept track of patients is unknown.
Narrow view: Only breast and genital surgery were covered, and only surgeons were asked. Mental health clinicians and hormone doctors, who may hear about regret first, were not surveyed.
Informal review of past studies: The authors admit their review was not systematic and may have picked studies selectively. It mostly repeats older low-regret figures that had their own dropout problems (for example Wiepjes 2018, which lost track of 36% of patients).
Untested categories: The 'true', 'social' and 'medical' regret types come from expert opinion and have not been tested to see if they work reliably.
Authors' roles: Several authors hold leadership roles in WPATH or on its guideline committee, and most are surgeons or clinicians who provide these treatments. These roles are unpaid and disclosed, but they matter for how the low-regret conclusion is presented.
Possible double counting: The authors note that a patient may have seen more than one of the surgeons who replied, which could inflate the count.

detrans.ai

Summary

Key findings

Abstract

Conclusion