Summary

This 2025 Austrian review weighs the evidence for and against 'rapid-onset gender dysphoria'. This is the idea that some teens, mostly girls, with no childhood signs suddenly identify as trans at or after puberty, partly to cope with other mental health problems and under the influence of friends and social media. The authors find Littman's original parent survey limited but a fair starting point for an idea to test. They note that a 2022 clinic study that found no support (Bauer and others) may not have measured the right thing. They find indirect support in research on peer influence, social media and detransitioners' accounts, and report seeing such a group in their own clinic. Their verdict: unproven but worth serious study. As they did not search the research systematically, it is a map of the debate, not strong evidence either way.

Key findings

• Avtorji trdijo, da trenutni dokazi ne upravičujejo niti sprejetja „spolnega nelagodja s hitrim nastopom“ kot dokazane razlage niti njegove obsodbe kot transfobne.
• V Littmaninem vprašalniku 256 staršev iz leta 2018 je bilo 83 % opisanih mladih rojenih kot ženske in 63 % jih je imelo diagnozo duševnega ali razvojnega zdravja, preden se je začela njihova spolna stiska.
• Študija klinike iz leta 2022 (Bauer in drugi) ni našla podpore za idejo. Toda pregled poudarja Littmanino kritiko, da je „nedavno spoznanje svojega spola“ obravnavala kot hiter nastop, ne da bi upoštevala pubertetu.
• Navedene ankete detranzicionarjev vključujejo eno (Vandenbussche), kjer je 70 % od 237 detranzicionarjev reklo, da je imela njihova stiska druge vzroke, in eno (Littman in drugi), kjer je 53 % od 78 menilo, da njihova izkušnja ustreza ideji hitrega nastopa.
• Raziskave o tem, kako se motnje hranjenja in samopoškodovanje širijo med prijatelji, ter o škodah družbenih omrežij naredijo družbeni vpliv za nekatere najstnike verjeten. Vendar je ena navedena združena analiza ugotovila podobne učinke na telesno podobo pri dečkih in deklicah.
• Iz lastne klinike avtorji opisujejo skupino najstnikov z resnimi težavami z duševnim zdravjem, katerih spolna stiska je rasla s pubertetom, zaprtji med covidom-19 in večjo uporabo družbenih omrežij.
• Pozivajo k dolgoročnim študijam, ki združujejo poglede najstnikov, staršev in klinikov, in poudarjajo osrednjo vlogo pogovorne terapije za najstnike, ki imajo tudi druga stanja duševnega zdravja.

Abstract

The sharp rise in the number of predominantly natal female adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria and seeking treatment in specialized clinics has sparked a contentious and polarized debate among both the scientific community and the public sphere. Few explanations have been offered for these recent developments. One proposal that has generated considerable attention is the notion of "rapid-onset" gender dysphoria, which is assumed to apply to a subset of adolescents and young adults. First introduced by Lisa Littman in a 2018 study of parental reports, it describes a subset of youth, primarily natal females, with no childhood indicators of gender dysphoria but with a sudden emergence of gender dysphoria symptoms during puberty or after its completion. For them, identifying as transgender is assumed to serve as a maladaptive coping mechanism for underlying mental health issues and is linked to social influences from peer groups and through social media. The purpose of this article is to analyze this theory and its associated hypotheses against the existing evidence base and to discuss its potential implications for future research and the advancement of treatment paradigms.

Conclusion

The authors conclude that neither prematurely adopting ROGD as a valid explanatory model nor hastily condemning it as transphobic is an appropriate response, and that Littman's research has made an important contribution that the scientific community should build on. They acknowledge ROGD may offer a convenient explanatory model for those opposed to medical transition of adolescents, but argue the right response is to strengthen rather than suppress research so that its validity can be judged on evidence. They call for longitudinal, well-designed studies capturing co-occurring psychopathology, social influences and identity development, warn that neither generalized suspicion nor an uncritically permissive approach meets adolescents' needs, and stress that clinicians must be wary of their own ideological predispositions. If substantiated, the ROGD framework could refine clinical treatment.