Perte permanente : Une femme ayant fait une détranstion pleure son incapacité à allaiter après une mastectomie

Deuil de l'allaitement après mastectomie de masculinisation thoracique et détranstion

Études de cas Détransition & regret Chirurgie

Authors: Karleen D. Gribble, Susan Bewley, Hannah G. Dahlen
Journal: Frontiers in Global Women's Health
Year: 2023
Source: www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1073053/full

Summary

This paper tells the story of one woman who had her breasts removed as part of a gender transition, later stopped transitioning, and then grieved deeply when she could not breastfeed her baby. The authors point out that the main transgender health guidelines (WPATH, AusPATH and PATHA) do not tell surgeons to discuss breastfeeding before this surgery. They also describe how midwives and doctors who did not understand detransition made her pregnancy and early motherhood harder. They call for honest talks about breastfeeding before surgery, better training for maternity staff, emotional support and access to donor milk. It is a vivid and useful warning, but it is one person's account, told from memory and not checked against her surgical or clinic records, so it cannot tell us how common this experience is.

Key findings

Elizabeth a reçu un diagnostic de trouble de l'identité de genre et s'est vu prescrire de la testostérone à 18 ans. À 20 ans, elle a subi l'ablation des deux seins, avec greffe des mamelons. Elle ne se souvient d'aucune discussion sur l'effet de cette opération sur l'allaitement.
La chirurgie a laissé des cicatrices épaisses et douloureuses et des mamelons qui faisaient mal et coulaient. Ajouté au rejet de ses amis transgenres et à la sécheresse et à l'amincissement vaginaux dus à la testostérone, cela a conduit à une crise, et elle a arrêté sa transition à 24 ans.
Elizabeth a dit qu'elle aurait probablement refusé une conversation sur l'allaitement à l'époque. Elle y voit aujourd'hui de l'évitement, sa détresse de genre étant utilisée comme un « atout maître » qui coupait court à la discussion.
Enceinte à 30 ans, elle a vécu comme un deuil l'impossibilité d'allaiter. Sa sage-femme lui a dit de « simplement donner du lait artificiel » et un médecin continuait de l'appeler un homme. La confusion a mené à un signalement de protection de l'enfance, tandis qu'un lactarium lui a aimablement fourni du lait de donneuse.
Les auteurs notent que les recommandations internationales et australiennes sur la santé des personnes transgenres (WPATH, AusPATH et PATHA) ne conseillent pas de parler d'allaitement avant cette chirurgie. Ils soutiennent que la greffe des mamelons rend presque certainement l'allaitement impossible.
Ils soutiennent que la recherche sur la fréquence des détransitions, et sur les bénéfices de l'ablation des seins, surtout chez les adolescents, est médiocre : les personnes ne sont suivies que peu de temps et beaucoup abandonnent les études.
Ils recommandent un conseil honnête sur l'allaitement avant la chirurgie, une formation du personnel de maternité sur les femmes ayant fait une détransition, un soutien émotionnel pour le deuil de l'allaitement et un accès au lait de donneuse.

Abstract

An increasing number of young females are undergoing chest masculinisation mastectomy to affirm a gender identity and/or to relieve gender dysphoria. Some desist in their transgender identification and/or become reconciled with their sex, and then revert (or detransition). To the best of our knowledge, this report presents the first published case of a woman who had chest masculinisation surgery to affirm a gender identity as a trans man, but who later detransitioned, became pregnant and grieved her inability to breastfeed. She described a lack of understanding by maternity health providers of her experience and the importance she placed on breastfeeding. Subsequent poor maternity care contributed to her distress. The absence of breast function as a consideration in transgender surgical literature is highlighted. That breastfeeding is missing in counselling and consent guidelines for chest masculinisation mastectomy is also described as is the poor quality of existing research on detransition rates and benefit or otherwise of chest masculinising mastectomy. Recommendations are made for improving maternity care for detransitioned women. Increasing numbers of chest masculinisation mastectomies will likely be followed by more new mothers without functioning breasts who will require honest, knowledgeable, and compassionate care.

Conclusion

Until recently, it would be extremely unusual for a new mother to have had a mastectomy. With increasing numbers of female adolescents and young adults obtaining chest masculinisation mastectomies, more new mothers will present without functioning breasts. Some will retain a transgender identification and others will have detransitioned. Each requires an individualised approach to provide them and their infants with honest, knowledgeable, and compassionate care.

Methodological limitations

Only one person: The report describes one woman's experience. As the authors say, we don't know how typical it is of detransitioned women, and it cannot show how often breastfeeding grief or poor maternity care happen.
Told from memory years later: The account comes from one three-hour interview a decade or more after surgery. Her memory that breastfeeding was never discussed, and her views on what her doctors thought, cannot be checked.
Key records missing: Elizabeth provided pregnancy records, a milk bank referral and photos of her scars. Her surgery, consent and gender clinic records were not reported, so what she was told before surgery is known only from her memory.
How she was found isn't explained: The report does not say how the authors came across Elizabeth. She describes being a 'trans activist' and later 'persona non grata', so she may have been found through detransition networks.
Story written with her: The case was written 'in consultation with Elizabeth' and she approved the final paper. This respects her, but it means the authors were less independent in how they told the story.
Authors have stated views: The authors have written before about sex-based language in maternity care and about regret after gender surgery (three of the cited papers are their own), and they frame the case as 'unanticipated harm'. They declare no financial conflicts, but readers should know their positions.
Staff side not heard: The midwife, doctor and surgeon were not asked for their views. Explanations for how they acted, for example that they were following transgender care training, rest on the patient's interpretation.
Breastfeeding claims borrowed from other surgery: The authors admit there is no research on how different breast removal methods for transition affect breastfeeding, so they rely on breast reduction studies. The case is strong for grafted nipples, but less certain for other methods.
Evidence judged unevenly: The report sharply criticises studies that find low regret for short follow-up and dropouts, but cites surveys of self-selected detransitioners (such as Littman 2021) without the same criticism.
Some details changed: The authors say 'some details have been changed to preserve anonymity'. This is reasonable, but readers can't know which details are exact.

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Summary

Key findings

Abstract

Conclusion