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성비 역전: 토론토와 암스테르담 청소년 성별 클리닉에서 2006년부터 여아가 남아를 넘어섬

클리닉에 의뢰된 성별 불쾌감 청소년에서 성비가 바뀌었다는 증거

코호트 및 등록 연구증가하는 진단과 사회적 영향
Authors
Madison Aitken, Thomas D. Steensma, Ray Blanchard, Doug P. VanderLaan, Hayley Wood, Amanda Fuentes, Cathy Spegg, Lori Wasserman, et al.
Journal
The Journal of Sexual Medicine
Year
2015
Source
https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12817

Summary

Researchers from gender clinics in Toronto and Amsterdam checked whether the mix of boys and girls referred for gender dysphoria in their teens had changed. Across 748 referrals, both clinics showed the same pattern. Before about 2006 more teens born male were referred. From 2006 to 2013 teens born female clearly outnumbered them. Among Toronto teens referred for other mental health problems, the balance of boys and girls hardly moved, suggesting something specific to gender referrals. Referral numbers also rose steadily. This was one of the first published reports of the shift later seen around the world. It reliably shows a change in who was referred to two clinics, but cannot say why. The authors suggested social and cultural reasons, but did not test them.

Key findings

  • 이 연구는 토론토(10대 328명, 1976~2013년)와 암스테르담(10대 420명, 1989~2013년)의 클리닉에 성별 불쾌감으로 의뢰된 10대 748명을 살폈습니다.
  • 토론토에서는 1999~2005년에 여아 1명당 남아 약 2명이 의뢰되었습니다(남아 36명, 여아 17명). 2006~2013년에는 이것이 남아 1명당 여아 약 1.8명으로 뒤집혔습니다(남아 73명, 여아 129명).
  • 암스테르담에서는 1989~2005년에 여아 1명당 남아 1.4명이었습니다(남아 109명, 여아 77명). 2006~2013년에는 남아 1명당 여아 1.7명으로 뒤집혔습니다(남아 86명, 여아 148명).
  • 다른 문제로 의뢰된 토론토 10대에서는 균형이 거의 바뀌지 않았으므로(여아 1명당 남아 약 2.2명, 이후 2명), 이 변화는 성별 의뢰에 특정적이었습니다.
  • 토론토의 의뢰 건수는 1976년부터 2013년 사이 해마다 크게 늘었습니다.
  • 토론토에서 출생 시 여성인 10대 중 여성에게만 끌리지 않는 비율은 2006년 이전 11.4%에서 2006~2013년 36.0%로 올랐습니다.
  • 저자들은 이 역전의 사회적, 문화적 이유를 제시했지만 검증하지는 않았습니다.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The number of adolescents referred to specialized gender identity clinics for gender dysphoria appears to be increasing and there also appears to be a corresponding shift in the sex ratio, from one favoring natal males to one favoring natal females. AIM: We conducted two quantitative studies to ascertain whether there has been a recent inversion of the sex ratio of adolescents referred for gender dysphoria. METHODS: The sex ratio of adolescents from two specialized gender identity clinics was examined as a function of two cohort periods (2006-2013 vs. prior years). Study 1 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Toronto, and Study 2 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Amsterdam. RESULTS: Across both clinics, the total sample size was 748. In both clinics, there was a significant change in the sex ratio of referred adolescents between the two cohort periods: between 2006 and 2013, the sex ratio favored natal females, but in the prior years, the sex ratio favored natal males. In Study 1 from Toronto, there was no corresponding change in the sex ratio of 6,592 adolescents referred for other clinical problems. CONCLUSIONS: Sociological and sociocultural explanations are offered to account for this recent inversion in the sex ratio of adolescents with gender dysphoria.

Conclusion

In both the Toronto and Amsterdam clinics the sex ratio of adolescents referred for gender dysphoria inverted from favouring natal males before 2006 to favouring natal females in 2006–2013, with no matching change among adolescents referred to the Toronto service for other clinical problems. The authors offer sociological and sociocultural explanations for this recent inversion.