Summary

Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco ran an online survey of 41 trans men who had become pregnant and given birth after transitioning. They asked about hormone use, fertility, pregnancy care and birth. About six in ten had taken testosterone before the pregnancy, most used their own eggs, half had a doctor for pregnancy care, and most gave birth in hospital. People described health workers who knew little about their situation and wished for better support. The authors concluded that trans men can and do get pregnant after transition and that services should adapt. It was one of the first studies of its kind and is often cited to show fertility can return after stopping testosterone. But it only asked people who did get pregnant, so it cannot say how often testosterone users stay fertile. All answers came from a small, self-selected online group.

Key findings

• 41 nam chuyển giới tự mô tả đã mang thai và sinh con sau khi chuyển giới đã hoàn thành một khảo sát trực tuyến từ tháng 3 đến tháng 12 năm 2013.
• Trước khi mang thai, 61% (25 trong 41 người) đã dùng testosterone; việc dùng hormone không phải là điều kiện để tham gia.
• Trung bình họ 28 tuổi khi thụ thai, và 88% (36) các thai kỳ dùng trứng của chính người đó.
• Một nửa nhận chăm sóc thai kỳ từ bác sĩ, và 78% sinh con tại bệnh viện.
• Trong các câu trả lời viết, mọi người nói nhân viên y tế biết rất ít về nhu cầu của nam chuyển giới mang thai, và họ muốn có các nguồn lực để hỗ trợ.
• Vì chỉ những người đã thụ thai được khảo sát, nghiên cứu cho thấy mang thai sau khi dùng testosterone là có thể nhưng không thể nói khả năng sinh sản trở lại thường xuyên đến mức nào sau testosterone.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a cross-sectional study of transgender men who had been pregnant and delivered after transitioning from female-to-male gender to help guide practice and further investigation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We administered a web-based survey from March to December 2013 to inquire about demographics, hormone use, fertility, pregnancy experience, and birth outcomes. Participants were not required to have been on hormone therapy to be eligible. We used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative data.

RESULTS: Forty-one self-described transgender men completed the survey. Before pregnancy, 61% (n=25) had used testosterone. Mean age at conception was 28 years with a standard deviation of 6.8 years. Eighty-eight percent of oocytes (n=36) came from participants' own ovaries. Half of the participants received prenatal care from a physician and 78% delivered in a hospital. Qualitative themes included low levels of health care provider awareness and knowledge about the unique needs of pregnant transgender men as well as a desire for resources to support transgender men through their pregnancy.

CONCLUSION: Transgender men are achieving pregnancy after having socially, medically, or both transitioned. Themes from this study can be used to develop transgender-appropriate services and interventions that may improve the health and health care experiences of transgender men.

Conclusion

Transgender men are achieving pregnancy after having socially, medically, or both transitioned. Themes from this study can be used to develop transgender-appropriate services and interventions that may improve the health and health care experiences of transgender men.