Summary

The Trans Youth Project followed 317 US and Canadian children who had fully socially transitioned (changed name, pronouns and presentation) between ages 3 and 12. About five years later, 94% still identified as trans, 3.5% as nonbinary and 2.5% as their birth sex; 7.3% had changed identity at least once. By the end, about 60% had started puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones. The authors concluded that switching back is uncommon. Children in supportive, mostly well-off volunteer families usually kept their new identity. But there was no comparison group of similar children who did not transition, so the study cannot say whether this reflects the children or the transition itself. Zucker and others argue early social transition may itself lock in identity, a question the Cass Review's evidence review treated as unresolved.

Key findings

• 317 trẻ em (208 bé gái chuyển giới, 109 bé trai chuyển giới) đã chuyển giới xã hội hoàn toàn tham gia nghiên cứu ở tuổi từ 3 đến 12 (trung bình 8) trong khoảng 2013 đến 2017.
• Khoảng 5,4 năm sau lần chuyển giới đầu tiên, 94% nhận mình là bé trai hoặc bé gái chuyển giới, 3,5% là phi nhị nguyên và 2,5% (8 người trẻ) theo giới tính khi sinh.
• 7,3% đã chuyển đổi bản dạng ít nhất một lần, trong đó 1,3% sau đó quay lại bản dạng chuyển giới.
• Trẻ chuyển giới trước 6 tuổi có nhiều khả năng sau này nhận mình theo giới tính khi sinh hơn (5,6% so với 0,5%); hầu hết những thay đổi này xảy ra trước 10 tuổi.
• Đến cuối, 92 người đã bắt đầu dùng thuốc chặn dậy thì (thuốc làm tạm dừng quá trình dậy thì) và 98 người đã bắt đầu dùng hormone khác giới, khoảng 60% nhóm theo con đường y tế.
• Các gia đình tham gia trung bình 1,6 năm sau khi trẻ chuyển giới, và 26 gia đình (8%) đã không liên lạc trong hai năm trước đó.
• Chỉ 70 người từ 14 tuổi trở lên ở thời điểm theo dõi, nên hầu hết kết quả được đo trước hoặc ở đầu tuổi vị thành niên.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Concerns about early childhood social transitions among transgender youth include that these youth may later change their gender identification (ie, retransition), a process that could be distressing. The current study aimed to provide the first estimate of retransitioning and to report the current gender identities of youth an average of 5 years after their initial social transitions. METHODS: The current study examined the rate of retransition and current gender identities of 317 initially transgender youth (208 transgender girls, 109 transgender boys; M = 8.1 years at start of study) participating in a longitudinal study, the Trans Youth Project. Data were reported by youth and their parents through in-person or online visits or via e-mail or phone correspondence. RESULTS: We found that an average of 5 years after their initial social transition, 7.3% of youth had retransitioned at least once. At the end of this period, most youth identified as binary transgender youth (94%), including 1.3% who retransitioned to another identity before returning to their binary transgender identity. A total of 2.5% of youth identified as cisgender and 3.5% as nonbinary. Later cisgender identities were more common among youth whose initial social transition occurred before age 6 years; their retransitions often occurred before age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that retransitions are infrequent. More commonly, transgender youth who socially transitioned at early ages continued to identify that way. Nonetheless, understanding retransitions is crucial for clinicians and families to help make retransitions as smooth as possible for youth.

Conclusion

These results suggest that retransitions are infrequent. More commonly, transgender youth who socially transitioned at early ages continued to identify that way. Nonetheless, understanding retransitions is crucial for clinicians and families to help make retransitions as smooth as possible for youth. The authors caution against over-interpreting differences from older desistance studies, note that identities 'should not be interpreted as final', and say parents and clinicians should be informed that not all youth will continue on the same trajectory.