Summary

Two clinicians at England's former national youth gender clinic (GIDS) looked back over 18 months of their own cases. They describe teenagers whose gender distress began in adolescence and who, after a longer assessment, no longer wanted puberty blockers (drugs that pause puberty) or hormones. They found 12 such young people out of 128 cases (9.4%). Most were girls, many were autistic, and many were self-harming or suicidal. Two case stories show how bullying, homophobia, family breakdown and distress about puberty came to be seen differently over time. The authors argue that assessment should allow unhurried exploration, while noting that many others do go on to medical treatment. It is a small case review by the treating clinicians, with no comparison group, no standard measurements and no long-term follow-up. It shows one path, but not how common it is or what caused the change.

Key findings

• Kedua penulis meninjau semua remaja (usia 12 tahun ke atas) yang mereka nilai di GIDS antara Oktober 2015 dan April 2017: 156 kasus, dipangkas menjadi 128 setelah sebagian dikecualikan.
• Dua belas dari 128 orang (9,4%) memiliki tekanan gender yang dimulai di usia remaja, meminta perawatan medis di awal, dan berhenti menginginkannya selama penilaian.
• Dari 12 orang itu, tujuh merasa nyaman dengan jenis kelamin lahirnya, sementara lima masih mengidentifikasi diri sebagai trans tetapi tidak lagi menginginkan hormon.
• Sebagian besar adalah perempuan (9 dari 12), berusia 12 hingga 16 tahun (rata-rata 14). Tujuh sudah didiagnosis autisme, 7 baru-baru ini memikirkan bunuh diri, 7 pernah melukai diri sendiri, dan 2 baru-baru ini mencoba bunuh diri.
• Sebagian besar belum bertransisi secara sosial (7 dari 12), dan sebagian besar tidak memiliki diagnosis formal disforia gender dari pihak yang merujuk mereka (9 dari 12).
• Penilaian lebih panjang daripada 3 hingga 6 sesi yang lazim di klinik: rata-rata 6,6 sesi selama 9,6 bulan, sebagian besar bersama keluarga.
• Dua kisah kasus, seorang anak laki-laki autistik berusia 14 tahun dan seorang anak perempuan autistik berusia 14 tahun dengan riwayat gangguan makan, menggambarkan tekanan batin yang akhirnya dipahami dalam kaitannya dengan perundungan, homofobia, keluarga yang retak, dan rasa takut akan pubertas.
• Para penulis menyerukan tinjauan penuh atas catatan di seluruh klinik dan penelitian jangka panjang, serta mengatakan perawatan medis tetap membantu sebagian anak muda.

Abstract

As the number of young people referred to specialist gender identity clinics in the western world increases, there is a need to examine ways of making sense of the range and diversity of their developmental pathways and outcomes. This article presents a joint case review of the authors' caseloads over an 18-month period, to identify and describe those young people who presented to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) with gender dysphoria (GD) emerging in adolescence, and who, during the course of assessment, ceased wishing to pursue medical (hormonal) interventions and/or who arrived at a different understanding of their embodied distress. From the 12 cases identified, 2 case vignettes are presented. Implications for the development of clinical practice, service delivery and research are considered.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the adolescents included in this review met criteria for GD and initially requested medical interventions to resolve their difficulties. Over the course of the psychosocial assessment, they came to understand their distress and its alleviation (at that particular point in time) differently and eventually chose not take a medical (hormonal) pathway and/or identified their gender identity as broadly aligned with their biological sex. Of course, this is not the case for many other young people presenting to the service and it is important to hold onto the multiplicity of possible outcomes. The study highlights the need for the psychosocial assessment to nurture a space in between the internal and external worlds of these young people. Such an assessment would need to be properly located in a developmental framework which takes seriously the inescapable in between-ness of adolescence and joins with young people and their families to broaden the narratives available to them, to make sense of gender-based distress.