只有56%完成治疗：英国诊所研究显示高辍学率和不良结果

Summary

Clinicians at an English adult gender clinic reviewed the notes of everyone discharged in one year. They wanted to see who got the treatment they wanted, who dropped out, and who went back to living as their birth sex. Just over half completed the planned treatment. 58% got everything they first asked for. Nearly all who wanted hormones got them, but fewer than half who wanted genital surgery had it. About one in five stopped attending and one in five were referred back soon after leaving. People with autism or similar conditions, more childhood hardship, or drug, alcohol or mental health problems during treatment were less likely to get care as planned. Twelve people (6.9%) detransitioned, far more than an earlier UK clinic figure of 0.3%. Because data came only from notes and follow-up was at most 16 months, the detransition figure is probably too low.

Key findings

在一年内出院的175名成年人中，56.1%完成了计划的治疗，58%得到了最初要求的所有治疗。
要求激素的人中94%得到了激素，但要求生殖器手术的人中只有47.7%得到了手术（男变女手术为56.5%，女变男手术为25.8%）。
在16个月的数据期内，21.7%停止就诊，19.4%被转回，其中大多数（34人中有24人）没有完成治疗。
自闭症及类似状况（几率高出约6倍）、每增加一种童年逆境（约1.5倍）、治疗期间的药物或酒精问题（约4倍）以及治疗期间的心理健康问题（约2倍），都分别与未能按计划获得护理有关。
12人（6.9%）符合研究对去过渡的定义。其中两人有后悔的记录，12人中有四人后来被转回诊所。
42.9%的患者在治疗期间有心理健康问题的记录，三人在治疗期间死于自杀。
作者警告说，新的、更快的服务模式可能无法满足这一多样而复杂的患者群体的需求。

Abstract

Background: UK adult gender identity clinics (GICs) are implementing a new streamlined service model. However, there is minimal evidence from these services underpinning this. It is also unknown how many service users subsequently 'detransition'. Aims: To describe service users' access to care and patterns of service use, specifically, interventions accessed, reasons for discharge and re-referrals; to identify factors associated with access; and to quantify 'detransitioning'. Method: A retrospective case-note review was performed as a service evaluation for 175 service users consecutively discharged by a tertiary National Health Service adult GIC between 1 September 2017 and 31 August 2018. Descriptive statistics were used for rates of accessing interventions sought, reasons for discharge, re-referral and frequency of detransitioning. Using multivariate analysis, we sought associations between several variables and 'accessing care' or 'other outcome'. Results: The treatment pathway was completed by 56.1%. All interventions initially sought were accessed by 58%; 94% accessed hormones but only 47.7% accessed gender reassignment surgery; 21.7% disengaged; and 19.4% were re-referred. Multivariate analysis identified coexisting neurodevelopmental disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.7-19), previous adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) per reported ACE (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9), substance misuse during treatment (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.1-17.6) and mental health concerns during treatment (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4) as independently associated with accessing care. Twelve people (6.9%) met our case definition of detransitioning. Conclusions: Service users may have unmet needs. Neurodevelopmental disorders or ACEs suggest complexity requiring consideration during the assessment process. Managing mental ill health and substance misuse during treatment needs optimising. Detransitioning might be more frequent than previously reported.

Conclusion

Service users may have unmet needs. Neurodevelopmental disorders or ACEs suggest complexity requiring consideration during the assessment process. Managing mental ill health and substance misuse during treatment needs optimising. Detransitioning might be more frequent than previously reported.

Methodological limitations

Notes only: The study relied only on routine clinic notes with missing information. The authors say there may be important factors they could not look at.
Other conditions likely under-recorded: The clinic does not diagnose mental or physical conditions itself, so other diagnoses depended on records from elsewhere and may be too low.
Clinic's idea of success: 'Getting care' was defined by the clinic's own treatment pathway. The authors admit they do not know if patients would see it the same way, because patient satisfaction is not routinely recorded.
No health results: Changes in mental or physical health could not be measured because of missing data, so the study cannot say whether treatment helped.
Too short to catch detransition: Data stopped 16 months after the last discharge, while detransition is often reported 4 to 8 years after transition and regret after about 10 years. So the 6.9% figure is likely too low.
Detransitions may be missed: Nothing tells the clinic when former patients detransition, so other cases may have been missed. Regret was recorded for only two people, and others may or may not have felt it.
Narrow definition: Detransition meant going back to living in one's birth sex. Six more people with partial transitions, on-and-off hormone use or cancelled surgery did not count, and two who stopped hormones without going back were left out.
Mostly one person checking notes: Only the first 20 of 175 sets of notes were checked by a second person; the other 155 were reviewed by one author alone.
Uncertain numbers: Small groups made the figures very uncertain. For example, autism and similar conditions could mean anywhere from about 2 to 19 times higher odds of not getting care.
Clinicians' choices may play a part: The authors note that the link between mental health or drug problems and not getting care may partly reflect clinicians being reluctant to refer these patients for surgery, which the data cannot separate.
Some treatments left out: Speech and voice therapy was too poorly recorded to include, and talking therapy was not looked at because what was offered changed during the study.
One clinic, one year: One of seven English adult gender clinics over one year of discharges, so patterns may differ elsewhere or later. The three suicides during treatment could not be compared with other clinics.

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Summary

Key findings

Abstract

Conclusion